Pemeriksaan visus pada anak–anak memerlukan tips tersendiri, terutama anak usia di bawah 5 tahun yang sulit diberi instruksi dan biasanya belum mengenal huruf. Pemeriksaan visus atau tajam penglihatan perlu dilakukan sejak dini.
Skrining kelainan visus pada anak diawali dengan identifikasi 5 komponen, yang disingkat dengan “PROVE”, yaitu pupil, red reflex, ocular alignment, vision assessmentt, dan external ocular examination. Ocular alignment dapat diperiksa dengan tes Hirschberg maupun cover test.[1,2,9,13]
Kelainan mata yang terdeteksi awal dapat mencegah terjadinya ambliopia (lazy eyes). Pemeriksaan visus pada anak secara rutin dapat mengurangi risiko ambliopia persisten sebanyak 50% pada usia 7 tahun. Pada usia 7–9 tahun, ambliopia hampir tidak mungkin mendapatkan tata laksana adekuat.[1,2,9,13]
(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)
Referensi
1. US Preventive Services Task Force. Vision Screening in Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2017;318(9):836–844. doi https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.11260
2. American Academy of Pediatrics. Visual system assessments in infants, children, and young adults by pediatrician. Pediatrics. 2016;137(1): 28-30
3. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. The pediatric eye examination. BCSC 2022–2023 section 6. San Francisco. p. 3-14
4. Donahue SP, Baker CN. Procedures for the Evaluation of the Visual System by Pediatricians. Pediatrics.2016;137
5. Bell AL, Rodes ME, Kellar LC. Childhood Eye Examination. Am Fam Physician. 2013; 88 (4): 241-248.
6. Anstice NS, Thompson B. The Measurement of Visual Acuity in Children: An Evidence-Based Update. Clin Exp Optom. 2014; 97: 3-11
7. American Academy of Pediatrics. Instrument-Based Pediatric Vision Screening Policy Statement. Pediatrics. 2012; 130; 983
8. Salcido AA, Bradley J, Donahue SP. Predictive value of photoscreening and traditional screening of preschool children. J AAPOS. 2005;9(2):114-120.
9. Loh AR, Chiang MF. Pediatric vision screening. Pediatrics in Review. 2018;39;225
10. Longmuir SQ, Boese EA, Pfeifer W, Zimmerman B, Short L, Scott WE. Practical Community Photoscreening in Very Young Children. Pediatrics. 2013
11. Lee EY, Sivachandran N, Isaza G. Five steps to: Paediatric vision screening. Paediatr Child Health. 2019 Feb;24(1):39-41. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxy044. Epub 2018 Jun 2. PMID: 30804695; PMCID: PMC6381990.
12. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. Decreased vision in infants and pediatric vision rehabilitation. BCSC 2022–2023 section 6. San Francisco. p. 15–29.
13. Jonas DE, Amick HR, Wallace IF, et al. Vision Screening in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2017 Sep. (Evidence Synthesis, No. 153.) Chapter 4, Discussion. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK487839/
14. Donahue, Sean P., et al. “Procedures for the Evaluation of the Visual System by Pediatricians.” Pediatrics, vol. 137, no. 1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-3597
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