Imunisasi Perioperatif pada Splenektomi

Oleh :

dr. Sonny Seputra, Sp.B, M.Ked.Klin, FINACS

Prosedur splenektomi diketahui bisa mengganggu keseimbangan sistem imun sehingga pemberian imunisasi perioperatif dinilai bermanfaat untuk mencegah komplikasi infeksi pada pasien yang menjalani tindakan ini. Limpa (spleen) adalah organ limfoid sekunder terbesar yang sebenarnya berfungsi untuk menginduksi respons imun bawaan (innate) dan respons imun adaptif terhadap patogen.

Dalam parenkim limpa, terdapat pulpa merah dan pulpa putih. Pulpa merah merupakan sinus vena besar yang dilapisi makrofag yang bisa memfagositosis dan menghancurkan eritrosit tua dan rusak, sedangkan pulpa putih merupakan komponen limfoid yang terdiri dari limfosit sel T dan sel B.

Ketika patogen dalam darah mencapai pulpa putih melalui zona marginal, sel T akan diaktivasi dan memicu konversi sel B folikel menjadi sel B penghasil antibodi. Proses ini merupakan respons imun adaptif terhadap infeksi bakteri, virus, dan jamur. Dalam aliran darah, IgM akan mengopsonisasi kapsul bakteri dan memungkinkan sel fagositik untuk memfagositosis bakteri patogen.[1,2]

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

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