Skrining Kanker Kolorektal: Kapan dan Bagaimana?

Oleh :

dr. Jessica Elizabeth

Skrining kanker kolorektal dilakukan untuk dua tujuan utama, yaitu mendeteksi lesi premaligna dan menghilangkannya agar insiden kanker kolorektal dapat dikurangi atau mendeteksi kanker di stadium awal agar mortalitas dapat dikurangi. Hal ini penting dilakukan mengingat insiden kanker kolorektal terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah populasi lanjut usia.

Kanker kolorektal umumnya didiagnosis pada pasien yang berusia lebih dari 60 tahun. Penyakit ini memiliki masa laten atau masa premaligna yang cukup lama, sehingga tindakan skrining diperkirakan dapat mengurangi insiden maupun mortalitas. Skrining kanker kolorektal dapat dilakukan secara direct (misalnya dengan endoskopi) atau secara indirect melalui pemeriksaan feses.[1,2]

Populasi yang Membutuhkan Skrining Kanker Kolorektal

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

1. Bevan R, Rutter M. Colorectal Cancer Screening—Who, How, and When? Clin Endosc. 2018;51:37–49.
2. Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Ali MU, Warren R, et al. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2016 Dec;15(4):298-313. doi:10.1016/j.clcc.2016.03.003
3. US Preventive Services Task Force, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2016 Jun 21;315(23):2564–75.
4. Wolf A, Fontham E, Church T, et al. Colorectal Cancer Screening for Average-Risk Adults: 2018 Guideline Update From the American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:250–81.
5. Lee JK, Liles EG, Bent S, et al. Accuracy of fecal immunochemical tests for colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Feb 4;160(3):171.
6. Schreuders EH, Grobbee EJ, Spaander MCW, Kuipers EJ. Advances in Fecal Tests for Colorectal Cancer Screening. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar;14(1):152–62.
7. Brenner H, Stock C, Hoffmeister M. Effect of screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BMJ. 2014 Apr 9;348:g2467.
8. Schreuders EH, Ruco A, Rabeneck L, et al. Colorectal cancer screening: a global overview of existing programmes. Gut. 2015 Oct;64(10):1637–49.
9. Doubeni CA, Corley DA, Quinn VP, et al. Effectiveness of screening colonoscopy in reducing the risk of death from right and left colon cancer: a large community-based study. Gut. 2018;67(2):291-298.
10. Neugut AI, Lebwohl B. Colonoscopy and colorectal cancer mortality: both sides of the story. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2013;6(3):189-191.
11. Rutter MD, Nickerson C, Rees CJ, et al. Risk factors for adverse events related to polypectomy in the English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. Endoscopy. 2014 Feb;46(2):90–7.
12. Alberti LR, Garcia DPC, Coelho DL, et al. How to improve colon cancer screening rates. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2015 Dec 15;7(12):484–91.
13. Issa IA, Noureddine M. Colorectal cancer screening: An updated review of the available options. World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul 28;23(28):5086–96.
14. Rex DK, Boland CR, Dominitz JA, et al. Colorectal Cancer Screening: Recommendations for Physicians and Patients From the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology. 2017 Jul 1;153(1):307–23.