Obat yang Berpotensi Mencetuskan Restless Legs Syndrome

Oleh :

dr. Nindy Adhilah

Beberapa golongan obat, seperti antidepresan dan antipsikotik, dapat menginduksi Restless legs syndrome (RLS) atau penyakit Willis-Ekbom. RLS merupakan kelainan neurologis yang ditandai dengan adanya dorongan kuat untuk menggerakkan tungkai, disertai dengan gangguan sensorik. Keluhan biasanya terjadi pada saat istirahat atau pada malam hari dan membaik dengan aktivitas.[1-4]

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) terdiri dari RLS primer dan sekunder. Penyebab RLS primer tidak diketahui atau idiopatik, sedangkan RLS sekunder dapat disebabkan oleh kelainan sistem saraf, kelainan medis lain, dan efek samping obat. Kelainan medis yang dapat menimbulkan RLS termasuk anemia defisiensi besi, kehamilan, gagal ginjal stadium akhir, defisiensi vitamin B9 atau B12, diabetes, dan rheumatoid arthritis.[1-4]

Golongan Obat yang Dapat Mencetuskan RLS

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Referensi

1. Klingelhoefer L, Bhattacharya K, et al. Restless legs syndrome. Clinical Medicine. 2016; 16(4):379-382.
2. Patatanian E, Claborn MK. Drug-Induced Restless Legs Syndrome. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2018.
3. Bliwise DL, Zhang RH, et al. Medications Associated with Restless Legs Syndrome: A Case Control Study in the US Renal Data System (USRDS). Sleep Med. 2014; 15(10):1241-1245.
4. Comella CL. Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome. Neurotherapeutics. 2014; 11:177-187.
5. Wei S, Song X, et al. Exploring the Top 50 Drugs Associated with Restless Legs Syndrome Based on the FDA Data from 2004 to 2024. Nat Sci Sleep. 2025 May 15;17:929-946. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S513538.
6. Rissardo JP, Caprara ALF. Mirtazapine-associated movement disorders: A literature review. Tzu Chi Medical Journal. 2020; 32(4): 318-330.
7. Zhu C, Bi R, et al. Restless legs syndrome following the use of ziprasidone: a case report. General Psychiatry. 2020; 33.
8. Basu A, Kundu S, et al. Olanzapine-induced restless leg syndrome: A case report and review of literature. Indian J Pharmacol. 2014; 46(4):450-452
9. Rittmannsberger H, Werl R. Restless legs syndrome induced by quetiapine: report of seven cases and review of the literature. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013; 16:1427-1431.
10. Korkmaz S, Aksu M. Topiramate Induced Restless Legs Syndrome: Case Report. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine. 2014; 1:36-37
11. Rissardo JP, Caprara ALF. Topiramate-Associated Movement Disorder: Case Series and Literature Review [abstract]. Clinical Neuropharmacology. 2020; 43(4):116-120.
12. Hoque R, Chesson AL. Pharmacologically Induced/Exacerbated Restless Legs Syndrome, Periodic Limb Movements of Sleep, and REM Behavior Disorder/REM Sleep Without Atonia: Literature Review, Qualitative Scoring, and Comparative Analysis. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2010; 6(1):79-83
13. Basora E, Wani A, et al. Non-Suicidal Ingestion Of High Dose Anti-Histamine In A 57 Year-Old Women With Insomnia And Restless Leg Syndrome. Sleep. 2017; 40(suppl_1):A462
14. Nishioka H, Kanzawa Y. Restless legs syndrome induced by fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine. J Gen Fam Med. 2020;21:256-257
15. Mansur A, Castillo PR, et al. Restless Leg Syndrome. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2023. PMID: 28613628.
16. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Restless Legs Syndrome Fact Sheet. 2017.
17. Sieminski M, Zemotjel L. Acute Drug-Induced Symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome in an Emergency Department. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2019;15(5):779-780