Efikasi Vaksin HPV dalam Pencegahan Kanker Serviks

Oleh :

dr. Cipta Pramana SpOGK

Salah satu pencegahan primer kanker serviks yang efektif adalah vaksinasi HPV. Vaksin HPV memiliki efektivitas dalam melawan infeksi HPV berulang, genital warts, serta lesi prakanker vagina, vulva, dan anal. Terdapat 2 jenis vaksin HPV, yaitu vaksin bivalen (HPV subtipe 16 dan 18) dan vaksin kuadrivalen (HPV subtipe 16, 18, 6, dan 11). Kedua vaksin ini juga memiliki perlindungan terhadap HPV jenis lain karena adanya proteksi silang.[1-3]

HPV Penyebab Kanker Serviks

Kanker serviks merupakan tumor ganas perempuan terbanyak kedua, yang mengancam kesehatan perempuan di dunia. Sekitar 15‒20% kasus kanker disebabkan oleh infeksi virus yang bersifat karsinogenik, di antaranya human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV merupakan virus DNA rantai ganda dari famili Papillomaviridae, yang non-enveloped, dan memiliki genom sekitar 8.000 pasang.[1,4]

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

1. Chan CK, Aimagambetova G, et al. Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer: Epidemiology, Screening, and Vaccination - Review of Current Perspectives. Vol. 2019, Journal of Oncology. Hindawi Limited; 2019.
2. Mesher D, Panwar K, et al. The impact of the national HPV vaccination program in England using the bivalent HPV vaccine: Surveillance of type-specifc HPV in young females, 2010-2016. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2018 Aug 14;218(6):911–21
3. Kosen S, Andrijono A, Ocviyanti D, Indriatmi W. The Cost-Effectiveness of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Indonesia. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention - APJCP. 2017;18(7):2011–7.
4. Kuguyo O, Tsikai N, et al. Genetic susceptibility for cervical cancer in African populations: What are the host genetic drivers? OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology. 2018 Jul 1;22(7):468–83.
5. Wang R, Pan W, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccine against cervical cancer: Opportunity and challenge. Vol. 471, Cancer Letters. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2020. p. 88–102.
6. Mittal S, Banks L. Molecular mechanisms underlying human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncoprotein-induced cell transformation. Vol. 772, Mutation Research - Reviews in Mutation Research. Elsevier B.V.; 2017. p. 23–35.
7. Zhang S, Xu H, Zhang L, Qiao Y. Cervical cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors and screening. Chinese Journal of Cancer Research. 2020;32(6):720–8.
8. Stelzle D, Tanaka LF, et al. Estimates of the global burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV. The Lancet Global Health. 2021 Feb 1;9(2):e161–9.
9. Kavanagh K, Pollock KG, et al. Changes in the prevalence of human papillomavirus following a national bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination programme in Scotland: a 7-year cross-sectional study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2017 Dec 1;17(12):1293–302.
10. Woestenberg PJ, King AJ, et al. Bivalent Vaccine Effectiveness Against Type-Specific HPV Positivity: Evidence for Cross-Protection Against Oncogenic Types among Dutch STI Clinic Visitors. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2018 Jan 15;217(2):213–22.
11. Lei J, Ploner A, Elfström KM, Wang J, Roth A, Fang F, et al. HPV Vaccination and the Risk of Invasive Cervical Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020 Oct 1;383(14):1340–8.
12. Dobson SR, McNeil S, et al. Immunogenicity of 2 doses of HPV vaccine in younger adolescents vs 3 doses in young women: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013 May 1;309(17):1793-802. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.1625. PMID: 23632723.
13. Basu P, Malvi SG, et al. Vaccine efficacy against persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 infection at 10 years after one, two, and three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls in India: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study. The Lancet Oncology. 2021 Nov;22(11):1518–29.
14. Pusat Data dan Informasi Kemenkes. BEBAN KANKER DI INDONESIA. Indonesia; 2019.
15. Black E, Richmond R. Prevention of cervical cancer in sub-saharan Africa: The advantages and challenges of HPV vaccination. Vol. 6, Vaccines. MDPI AG; 2018.
16. Tobing MDL, Sahiratmadja E, et al. Human papillomavirus genotypes profile in cervical cancer patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin general hospital, Bandung, indonesia. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2014;15(14):5781–5.