Perkembangan Pemeriksaan Serologi HIV

Oleh :

dr. Vania Azalia Gunawan

Pemeriksaan diagnostik HIV telah berkembang sejak tahun 1985, termasuk tes serologi yang terdiri dari rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), enzymes immunoassays (EIA), dan Western Blot (WB). Pemeriksaan serologi dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas, serta menurunkan kejadian false-negative maupun false-positive. Deteksi dini HIV memungkinkan awareness dan pemberian antiretroviral lebih awal, sehingga dapat meningkatkan survival dan kualitas hidup jangka panjang.[1-3]

Pemeriksaan Serologi HIV

Pedoman pemeriksaan serologi adalah mendeteksi antibodi terhadap HIV-1/HIV-2 dan/atau antigen p24 dari HIV. Pemeriksaan ini umumnya dilakukan pada pasien berusia di atas 24 bulan. Pemeriksaan diawali dengan first line assays dengan nilai sensitivitas yang tinggi, sebagai pemeriksaan skrining infeksi virus HIV.[1]

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

1. WHO. 2015. Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Testing Services: 5Cs: Consent, Confidentiality, Counselling, Correct Results and Connection 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization.
2. Muthukumar A, Alatoom A, Burns S, Ashmore J, Kim A, Emerson B, Bannister E, Ansari MQ. Comparison of 4th-Generation HIV Antigen/Antibody Combination Assay With 3rd-Generation HIV Antibody Assays for the Occurrence of False-Positive and False-Negative Results. Lab Med. 2015. 46:84-89.
3. Hurt CB, Nelson JAE, Hightow-Weidman LB, Miller WC. Selecting an HIV-Test: A Narrative Review for Clinicians and Researches. Sex Transm Dis. 2017. 44(12):739-746.
4. Barik SK, Mohanty KK, Bisht D, Joshi B, Jena S, Tripathy SP. An Overview of Enzyme Immunoassay: The Test Generation Assay in HIV/AIDS Testing. J AIDS Clin Res. 2018.9:3.
5. Muthukumar A, Alatoom A, Burns S, Ashmore J, Kim A, Emerson B, Bannister E, Ansari MQ. Comparison of 4th-Generation HIV Antigen/Antibody Combination Assay With 3rd-Generation HIV Antibody Assays for the Occurrence of False-Positive and False-Negative Results. Lab Med. 2015. 46:84-89.
6. WHO. 2015. HIV assays: laboratory performance and other operational characteristics: rapid diagnostic tests (combined detection of HIV-1/2 antibodies and discriminatory detection of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies): report 18. Geneva: World Health Organization.
7. Zaini R dan Shesha N. Comparison between the accuracy of a rapid point-of-care HIV test TOYO. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health. 2016; 5(9): 1-6.
8. Tan WS, Chow EPF, Fairley CK, Chen MY, Bradshaw CS, Read TRH. Sensitivity of HIV rapid tests compared with fourth-generation enzyme immunoassays or HIV RNA tests. AIDS. 2016. 30:1951-1960.
9. Alhajj M dan Farhana A. 2021. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing.
10. CDC. 2014. Laboratory Testing for the Diagnosis of HIV Infection: Updated Recommendations. United States: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Association of Public Health Laboratories.
11. Feng X, Wang J, Gao Z, Tian Y, Zhang L, Chen H, Zhang T, Xiao L, Yao J, Xing W, Qiu M, Jiang Y. An alternative strategy to western blot as a confirmatory diagnostic assay test for HIV infection. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2017. 88:8-11.
12. Workowski KA dan Bolan GA. Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015. 64(RR-03):1-137.