Efikasi Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) dalam Terapi Halitosis

Oleh :

drg. Muhammad Garry Syahrizal Hanafi

Teknik photodynamic therapy (PDT) untuk terapi halitosis merupakan salah satu bentuk fototerapi yang menggunakan sinar dan substansi kimia photosensitizing yang oksigen molekuler sehingga menimbulkan kematian sel bakteri (phototoxicity). Jenis terapi ini diklaim memiliki efektivitas yang baik dalam mengurangi gejala halitosis.[7,8]

Hal ini didasarkan pada halitosis yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti proliferasi dan metabolisme bakteri, misalnya bakteri gram negatif. Faktor-faktor tersebut mempermudah terbentuknya volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). VSCs ini merupakan sebuah gas volatile yang terbentuk dari proses putrefaksi bakteri sisa makanan, deskuamasi sel, saliva, dan darah di dalam rongga mulut.[3,4,7]

Beberapa pilihan dalam penanganan halitosis telah disarankan, seperti obat kumur (misalnya chlorhexidine 0,012%), alat mekanis untuk menghilangkan plak di lidah (tongue scraper atau sikat lidah), dan bahan yang dapat menutupi bau tidak sedap (misalnya permen karet, tablet kunyah, dan semprotan pewangi rongga mulut).

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Referensi

1. C. Bacali et al., “Association of graphene silver polymethyl methacrylate (Pmma) with photodynamic therapy for inactivation of halitosis responsible bacteria in denture wearers,” Nanomaterials, vol. 11, no. 7, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.3390/nano11071643.
2. K. Llanos do Vale et al., “Treatment of halitosis with photodynamic therapy in older adults with complete dentures: A randomized, controlled, clinical trial,” Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, vol. 33, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102128.
3. S. D. S. Romero et al., “Evaluation of halitosis in adult patients after treatment with photodynamic therapy associated with periodontal treatment: Protocol for a randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial with 3-month follow up,” Medicine (United States), vol. 98, no. 39, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016976.
4. R. G. Lopes et al., “Immediate results of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial,” Lasers Med Sci, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 41–47, Jan. 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-015-1822-6
5. N. Wang, S. Hao, J. Zhang, and J. Yang, “Clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy on halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Lasers Med Sci, vol. 38, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-022-03700-2
6. P. D. B. Motta et al., “Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Halitosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 2, Jan. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020469
7. K. L. do Vale et al., “Evaluation of the treatment of halitosis with photodynamic therapy in older patients with complete denture: Protocol for a randomized, controlled trial,” Medicine, vol. 98, no. 27, p. e16275, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016275.
8. P. de B. Motta et al., “Comparative study between photodynamic therapy with urucum + Led and probiotics in halitosis reduction–protocol for a controlled clinical trial,” PLoS One, vol. 16, no. 5 May, May 2021, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247096.
9. I. O. L. Bacellar, T. M. Tsubone, C. Pavani, and M. S. Baptista, “Photodynamic efficiency: From molecular photochemistry to cell death,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 16, no. 9. MDPI AG, pp. 20523–20559, Aug. 31, 2015. doi: 10.3390/ijms160920523.
10. R. G. Lopes et al., “Photodynamic therapy as a novel treatment for halitosis in adolescents: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial,” Trials, vol. 15, no. 1, Nov. 2014, doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-443.
11. M. L. L. Gonçalves et al., “Photodynamic therapy with Bixa orellana extract and LED for the reduction of halitosis: Study protocol for a randomized, microbiological and clinical trial,” Trials, vol. 19, no. 1, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2913-z.
12. A. A. Alshahrani, A. Alhaizaey, M. A. Kamran, and I. Alshahrani, “Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing orthodontic treatment,” Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, vol. 32, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102019.
13. F. Javed, “Halitosis and photodynamic therapy,” Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, vol. 32. Elsevier B.V., Dec. 01, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102006.
14. Romero SS, Vale KLD, Remolina VG, Silva TG, Schalch TO, et al. Oral hygiene associated with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy or lingual scraper in the reduction of halitosis after 90 days follow up: A randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial, Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 33, 2021, 102057, ISSN 1572-1000, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102057 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100020304117