Skrining Hipertensi pada Dewasa

Oleh :

dr.Eva Naomi Oretla

Hipertensi memiliki prevalensi yang tinggi dan merupakan faktor risiko berbagai penyakit, termasuk gagal jantung, infark miokard, stroke, dan penyakit ginjal kronis. Skrining hipertensi dan pemeriksaan tambahan perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah, menangani, dan mengetahui penyebab dasar hipertensi secara efektif. Hal ini dapat menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas akibat komplikasi penyakit kardiovaskular, di mana hipertensi adalah salah satu faktor risiko utama.[1-3]

Terdapat beberapa metode skrining hipertensi yang dapat digunakan pada pasien dewasa (≥18 tahun) yang tidak memiliki riwayat ataupun telah didiagnosis hipertensi. Pemeriksaan tekanan darah di klinik atau ruang praktik (office blood pressure measurement atau OBPM) merupakan metode skrining awal yang paling banyak digunakan.[1,2,4,5]

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Referensi

1. Krist AH. Screening for Hypertension in Adults US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2021; 325(16):1650-1656. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.4987
2. Guirguis Blake JM, Permanente F. Screening for Hypertension in Adults Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2021; 325(16):1657-1669. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.21669
3. Kitt J, Fox R, Tucker KL, et al. New Approaches in Hypertension Management: a Review of Current and Developing Technologies and Their Potential Impact on Hypertension Care. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2019; 21(44):1-8 doi: : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-019-0949-4
4. Siddique S, Khan AH, Shahab H, et al. Office blood pressure measurement: A comprehensive review. J Clin Hypertens. 2021; 23:440–449.DOI: 10.1111/jch.14169
5. Schmidt B-M, Durão S, Toews I, et al. Screening strategies for hypertension: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open. 2019; 9:e025043. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2018-025043
6. Asayama K, Ohkubo T, Imai Y. In-office and out-of-office blood pressure measurement. Journal of Human Hypertension. 2021; 0(0):1-9 doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-021-00486-8
7. Hwang OK, Aigbe A, Ju H-H, et al. Barriers to Accurate Blood Pressure Measurement in the Medical Office. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health. 2018; 9:1-7 DOI: 10.1177/2150132718816929
8. Dadlani A, Madan K, Sawhney JPS. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in clinical practice. Indian Heart Journal. 2019; 71:91-97 doi : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2018.11.015
9. Etyang AO, Warne B, Kapesa S, Munge K, Bauni E, Cruickshank JK, Smeeth L, Scott JA. Clinical and Epidemiological Implications of 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for the Diagnosis of Hypertension in Kenyan Adults: A Population-Based Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Dec 15;5(12):e004797. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.004797. PMID: 27979807; PMCID: PMC5210452.
10. Karnjanapiboonwong A, Anothaisintawee T, Chaikledkaew U, Dejthevaporn C, Attia J, Thakkinstian A. Diagnostic performance of clinic and home blood pressure measurements compared with ambulatory blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020 Nov 23;20(1):491. doi: 10.1186/s12872-020-01736-2. PMID: 33225900; PMCID: PMC7681982.
11. Anker D, Eggimann BS, Santschi, et al. Screening and treatment of hypertension in older adults: less is more?. Public Health Reviews. 2018; 39(26):1-16 doi : https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-018-0101-z
12. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for High Blood Pressure in Adults: Recommendation Statement. American Family Physician. 2016; 93(4):300-2.
13. Flack JM, Adekola B. Blood pressure and the new ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2020; 30:160-164. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2019.05.003
14. Charles L, Triscott J, Dobbs B. Secondary Hypertension: Discovering the Underlying Cause. American Family Physician . 2017; 96(7):453-61.
15. Olanin O, Ogunleye O, Ojamu F. Opportunistic Screening for Hypertension, Overweight and Obesity among Companions of Patients Attending the Family Medicine Clinic of a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. J Hypertens Manag. 2020; 6(1):1-6. DOI: doi.org/10.23937/2474-3690/1510045
16. Jones NR, McCormack T, Constanti M, et al. Diagnosis and management of hypertension in adults: NICE guideline update 2019. British Journal of General Practice. 2020; 70:90–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp20X708053
17. Lee HY, Lee DJ, Seo J. et al. Smartphone / smartwatch-based cuffless blood pressure measurement : a position paper from the Korean Society of Hypertension. Clin Hypertens, 2021. 27, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40885-020-00158-8