- Pendahuluan
- Patofisiologi
- Etiologi
- Epidemiologi
- Diagnosis
- Gambaran EKG
- Penatalaksanaan
- Prognosis
- Edukasi dan Promosi Kesehatan
Etiologi Aritmia
Etiologi aritmia adalah gangguan pada pembentukan atau konduksi impuls. Ini dapat terjadi akibat adanya iskemia jantung, disfungsi otonom, kardiomiopati, ataupun penyakit jantung bawaan.[1-3]
Etiologi Bradiaritmia
Etiologi bradiaritmia dapat berupa disfungsi otonom, kardiomiopati, penyakit jantung bawaan, infeksi, penyakit jantung iskemia, obat, hingga kelainan sistemik.[3,6]
Referensi
1. Desai DS, Hajouli S. Arrhythmias. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558923/
2. Pollack Jr CV, Cantor RM, Blanck JF. Tachyarrhythmias. Differential Diagnosis of Cardiopulmonary Disease: A Handbook. 2019:1013-35.
3. Rees CJ, Cantor RM, Pollack Jr CV, Riese VG. Bradyarrhythmias. Differential Diagnosis of Cardiopulmonary Disease: A Handbook. 2019:213-31.
4. Moulton KP, Bhutta BS, Mullin JC. Evaluation Of Suspected Cardiac Arrhythmia. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585054/
5. Tse G. Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. J Arrhythm. 2016 Apr;32(2):75-81. doi: 10.1016/j.joa.2015.11.003. Epub 2015 Dec 17. PMID: 27092186; PMCID: PMC4823581.
6. Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019 Aug 20;74(7):e51-156.
7. Katritsis DG, Arbelo E, Arribas F, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. European Heart Journal. 2020;41:655À720.
8. Zeppenfeld K, Tfelt-Hansen J, de Riva M, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Developed by the task force for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC). European heart journal. 2022 Oct 21;43(40):3997-4126.
9. Yadav SS, Jadhav SM. Detection of common risk factors for diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia using machine learning algorithm. Expert systems with applications. 2021 Jan 1;163:113807.
10. Lau DH, Nattel S, Kalman JM, Sanders P. Modifiable risk factors and atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2017 Aug 8;136(6):583-96.
11. Kornej J, Börschel CS, Benjamin EJ, Schnabel RB. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in the 21st century: novel methods and new insights. Circulation research. 2020 Jun 19;127(1):4-20.
12. Samuel M, Elsokkari I, Sapp JL. Ventricular tachycardia burden and mortality: association or causality?. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2022 Jan 21.
13. Tanaka Y, Shah NS, Passman R, Greenland P, Lloyd‐Jones DM, Khan SS. Trends in cardiovascular mortality related to atrial fibrillation in the United States, 2011 to 2018. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2021 Aug 3;10(15):e020163.
14. Savic L, Mrdovic I, Asanin M, Krljanac G. The impact of complete atrioventricular block on in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care. 2021 Apr;10(Supplement_1):zuab020-125.
15. American Heart Association. Algorithms. Emergency Cardiovascular Care: CPR & First Aid. America Heart Association; 2020. https://cpr.heart.org/en/resuscitation-science/cpr-and-ecc-guidelines/algorithms
16. Direktorat Pencegahan Dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular. Tips Perilaku Hidup Sehat (CERDIK) Mencegah Serangan Jantung. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2018. https://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/infographic-p2ptm/hipertensi-penyakit-jantung-dan-pembuluh-darah/tips-perilaku-hidup-sehat-cerdik-mencegah-serangan-jantung
17. Direktorat Pencegahan Dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular. Kendalikan Hipertensi dengan PATUH. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2018. http://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/infographic-p2ptm/hipertensi-penyakit-jantung-dan-pembuluh-darah/page/9/kendalikan-hipertensi-dengan-patuh
18. Prust MJ, Stevenson WG, Strichartz GR, Lilly LS. Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhytmias. In: Lilli LS. Pathophysiology of Heart Disease, 6th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. 2016: 268-309
19. Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO. Braunwald’s heart disease : A textbook of cardiovascular medicine, 10th ed. Elsevier. 2015: 629,662-663
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