Suplementasi DHA saat ini umum dikonsumsi selama kehamilan karena dinilai mampu meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak. Docosahexaenoic acid atau DHA merupakan salah satu asam lemak tak jenuh rantai panjang. Banyak penelitian menyatakan bahwa DHA memberikan efek positif bagi kehamilan karena DHA mendukung perkembangan otak janin dan turut membantu perkembangan jangka panjang anak.[1,2]
DHA banyak terkandung dalam makanan laut, terutama salmon, tuna, kepiting, dan kerang. Namun, nyatanya, pemenuhan kebutuhan DHA pada populasi ibu hamil dinilai belum cukup oleh FDA. Berdasarkan survei, sekitar 21% wanita tidak mengonsumsi ikan selama kehamilan dan 75% wanita hanya mengonsumsi <115 gram ikan selama seminggu. Hal ini menyebabkan nutrisi yang diperlukan untuk perkembangan otak janin tidak terpenuhi.[1,2]
Kegunaan DHA dalam Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Janin
(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)
Referensi
1. Carlson SE, Colombo J, Gajewski BJ, et al. DHA supplementation and pregnancy outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(4): 808-815.
2. Nordgren TM, Lyden E, Anderson-Berry A, Hanson C. Omega-3 fatty acid intake of pregnant women and women of childbearing age in the United States: potential for deficiency. Nutrients. 2017; 9(197):1-12.
3. Braarud HC, Markhus MK, Skotheim S, et al. Maternal DHA status during pregnancy has a positive impact on infant problem solving: A Norwegian prospective observation study. Nutrients. 2018;10:529.
4. Basak S, Mallick R, Duttaroy A. Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Status during Pregnancy and Its Impact on Infant Neurodevelopment. Nutrients. 2020;12:3615.
5. Wenstrom KD. The FDA's new advice on fish: it's complicated. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Nov;211(5):475-478.e1.
6. Rogers LK, Valentine CJ, Keim SA. DHA supplementation: current implication in pregnancy and childhood. Pharmacol Res. 2013;70(1):1-15.
7. FDA. Fish: What Pregnant Women and Parents Should Know. U.S. Food and Drug Administration; 2017. https://www.epa.gov/fish-tech/2017-epa-fda-advice-about-eating-fish-and-shellfish
8. Norwegian Directorate of Health. Recommendation of Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity. Norwegian Directorate of Health; 2014. www.helsedirektoratet.no
9. Mulder KA, King JD, Innis SM. Omega-3 Fatty Acid deficiency in infants before birth identified using a randomized trial of maternal DHA supplementation in pregnancy. 2014;9(1):1-10.
10. Gould JF, Makrides M, Colombo J, Smithers LG. Randomized controlled trial of maternal omega-3 long chain PUFA supplementation during pregnancy and early childhood development of attention, working memory, and inhibitory control. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99:851-859.
11. Quin C, Erland, Loeppky JL, Gibson DL. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during the pre and post-natal period: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized and semi-randomized controlled trials. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism. 2016;5:34-54.
12. Oken E, Østerdal ML, Gillman MW, et al. Associations of maternal fish intake during pregnancy and breastfeeding duration with attainment of developmental milestones in early childhood: A study from the danish national birth cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:789–796.
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