Diagnosis Stroke pada Anak

Oleh :

dr. Virly Isella

Diagnosis stroke pada anak yang utama adalah menentukan antara stroke iskemik atau hemoragik kemudian mencari etiologi yang mendasari. Manifestasi klinis antara stroke iskemik dan hemoragik saling tumpang tindih, sehingga perlu konfirmasi dengan MRI otak. Bila MRI tidak dapat segera dilakukan atau tidak tersedia, pemeriksaan CT scan dapat menjadi alternatif.[1,3-6]

Anamnesis

Pada anamnesis, sulit untuk membedakan gejala yang disebabkan oleh stroke iskemik dan hemoragik, karena manifestasi klinis saling tumpang tindih. Pasien dengan stroke iskemik umumnya memiliki keluhan, berupa:

Referensi

1. Ferriero DM, Fullerton HJ, Bernard TJ, Billinghurst L, Daniels SR, DeBaun MR, et al. Management of Strokes in Neonates and Children – a Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association. 2019.
3. Klucka J, Klabusayova E, Musilova T, Kramplova T, Skrisovska T, Kratochvil M, Kosinova M, et al. Pediatric Patient with Ischemic Stroke: Initial Approach and Early Management. Children. 2021; 8.
4. Oborska Z, Urban P, Wychowaniec K, Jozwiak S. Pediatric Stroke – a Review of Current Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment. Polish Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2020; 54(2): 116-124.
5. Bernson-Leung ME, Rivkin MJ. Stroke in Neonates and Children. American Academy of Pediatrics. 2016; 37: 11
6. Askarova AE, Zhurkabayeva BD. Hemorrhagic stroke in children. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 2024 Nov 1;16:11795735241289913. doi: 10.1177/11795735241289913.
8. Asakai H, Cardamone M, Hutchinson D, Stojanovski B, Galati JC, et al. Arterial ischemic stroke in children with cardiac disease. Neurology. 2015;85(23): 2053-2059.
10. Mastrangelo M, Giordo L, Ricciardi G, De Michele M, Toni D, Leuzzi V. Acute ischemic stroke in childhood: a comprehensive review. Eur J Pediatr. 2022 Jan;181(1):45-58. doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-04212-x.
11. Stence N, Mirsky D, Neuberger I. Perinatal Ischemic Stroke. Clinics in Perinatology, 2022; 49, 675-692
13. Kliegman R. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 21th ed. Philadelphia, PA. Elseiver. 2020.
14. PedNIHSS. American Heart Association. 2022. https://www.ahajournals.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1161%2FSTROKEAHA.110.607192&file=607192_online_supplement.pdf
15. Tam D. Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (PedNIHSS). 2022.
16. Hidalgo MJ, Munoz D, Balut F, Troncoso M, Lara S, et al. Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke – Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors, and Pediatric NIH Stroke Scale in a Series of Chilean Patients. Cell Med. 2018; 10.
17. Zhang Y, Parikh A, Qian S. Migraine and Stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2017; 2(3): 160-167.
18. Migraine. IHS Classification ICHD-3. 2022.
19. Hohman MH, Warner MJ, Varacallo MA. Bell Palsy. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482290/
20. Mastriana J, Pay JL, De Jesus O, et al. Todd Paresis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532238/
21. Xu SY, Li ZX, Wu XW, Li L, Li CX. Frequency and Pathophysiology of Post-Seizure Todd’s Paralysis. 2020.
22. Macellari F, Paciaroni M, Agnelli G, Caso V. Neuroimaging in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke. 2014;45:903-908.
24. Fox C, Smith S. Ischemic stroke in children: clinical presentation, evaluation and diagnosis. 2025. Uptodate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ischemic-stroke-in-children-clinical-presentation-evaluation-and-diagnosis
25. Beslow LA, Press CA. Hemorrhagic stroke in children. 2025. Uptodate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hemorrhagic-stroke-in-children
26. Ichord R. Stroke in the newborn: classification, manifestations, and diagnosis. 2025. Uptodate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/stroke-in-the-newborn-classification-manifestations-and-diagnosis
27. Ichord R. Stroke in the newborn: management and prognosis. 2025. Uptodate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/stroke-in-the-newborn-management-and-prognosis

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Masuk atau Daftar

Nomor Ponsel Sudah Terdaftar

Masuk dengan Email

Masuk dengan Email

Masuk dengan Facebook

Diagnosis Stroke pada Anak

Referensi

Masuk atau Daftar

Artikel Terkait