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Prognosis Syok Kardiogenik
Prognosis syok kardiogenik dipengaruhi oleh penyebab yang mendasari, derajat disfungsi jantung, kecepatan diagnosis dan reperfusi atau tata laksana definitif, serta adanya komorbiditas dan kegagalan organ multipel. Semakin berat gangguan hemodinamik dan semakin lama hipoperfusi berlangsung, semakin tinggi risiko mortalitas. Komplikasi meliputi gagal ginjal akut, cedera hati iskemik, dan gangguan neurologis akibat hipoperfusi serebral.[1-4]
Komplikasi
Komplikasi yang berhubungan dengan syok kardiogenik adalah aritmia, henti jantung, gagal ginjal, aneurisma ventrikel, stroke, tromboemboli, dan kematian.[1-5]
Referensi
1. Tehrani BN, Truesdell AG, Psotka MA, Rosner C, Singh R, Sinha SS, et al. A Standardized and Comprehensive Approach to the Management of Cardiogenic Shock. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8:879–91.
2. Vahdatpour C, Collins D, Goldberg S. Cardiogenic Shock. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2019;8:e011991.
3. Sinha, S, Morrow, D, Kapur, N. et al. 2025 Concise Clinical Guidance: An ACC Expert Consensus Statement on the Evaluation and Management of Cardiogenic Shock: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. JACC. 2025 Apr, 85 (16) 1618–1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2025.02.018
4. McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur. Heart J. 2021;42:3599–726
5. Rodriguez MML, Guerrero CJV, Garzon JCA, Marin DFHPAO, Avila AFS, Padilla JDV. Cardiogenic shock. Interv. Cardiol. 2019;11:123
6. Brener MI, Rosenblum HR, Burkhoff D. Pathophysiology and Advanced Hemodynamic Assessment of Cardiogenic Shock. Methodist DeBakey Cardiovasc. J. 2020;16:7–15
7. Ostadal P, Belohlavek J. What is cardiogenic shock? New clinical criteria urgently needed. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2024 Aug 1;30(4):319-323. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001172.
10. Soares ROS, Losada DM, Jordani MC, Évora P, Castro-E-Silva O. Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Revisited: An Overview of the Latest Pharmacological Strategies. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(20):5034.
12. Kosaraju A, Pendela VS, Hai O. Cardiogenic Shock. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026.
19. Wayangankar SA, Bangalore S, McCoy LA, et al. Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Cardiogenic Shock in the Setting of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Report From the CathPCI Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9:341.
20. Redfors B, Angerås O, Råmunddal T, et al. 17-year trends in incidence and prognosis of cardiogenic shock in patients with acute myocardial infarction in western Sweden. Int J Cardiol 2015; 185:256.
22. van Diepen S, Katz JN, Albert NM, Henry TD, Jacobs AK, et al. Contemporary Management of Cardiogenic Shock: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;136:e232–e268. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000525
43. Naito H, Nojima T, Fujisaki N, et al. Therapeutic strategies for ischemia reperfusion injury in emergency medicine. Acute Med Surg. 2020;7(1):e501. Published 2020 Apr 13. doi:10.1002/ams2.501
44. Jordan M, Caesar J. Improving door-to-needle times for patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction at a rural district general hospital. BMJ Qual Improv Rep. 2016;5(1):u209049.w6736. Published 2016 Dec 19. doi:10.1136/bmjquality.u209049.w6736
47. Vallabhajosyula S, Patlolla SH, Verghese D, Ya’Qoub L, Kumar V, Subramaniam AV, et al. Burden of Arrhythmias in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock. Am. J. Cardiol. 2020;125:1774–81.
48. Napp LC, Kühn C, Bauersachs J. ECMO in cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock. Herz 2017;42:27–44.
49. Vallabhajosyula S, Dunlay SM, Barsness GW, Vallabhajosyula S, Vallabhajosyula S, Sundaragiri PR, et al. Temporal trends, predictors, and outcomes of acute kidney injury and hemodialysis use in acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock. PLOS ONE 2019;14:e0222894
50. Vallabhajosyula S, Kanwar S, Aung H, Cheungpasitporn W, Raphael CE, Gulati R, et al. Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Left Ventricular Aneurysm After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am. J. Cardiol. 2020;133:32–8.
51. Pahuja M, Chehab O, Ranka S, Mishra T, Ando T, Yassin AS, et al. Incidence and clinical outcomes of stroke in ST-elevation myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2021;97:217–25.
52. Camen S, Söffker G, Kluge S, Zengin E. Massive pulmonary embolism with intra-hospital cardiac arrest and full recovery of right ventricular function after veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy: a case report. Eur. Heart J. - Case Rep. 2020;4:1–6.
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